The effect of Saad Abad, Golestan and Niavaran cultural complexes on tourist attraction and tourism development in Tehran

Abstract:

There are many tourism opportunities in our country that have not been paid much attention to. The general management in the tourism industry should identify the opportunities and include them in the comprehensive tourism plan of the country and provide the basis for investment in them. Iran ranks 56th among the 200 countries that attract tourists in the world and ranks 69th in terms of foreign exchange earnings.

Cultural tourism is of particular importance in protecting the cultural heritage of a nation and introducing it to the world. In the typology of cultural tourism attractions, we classify eight major items, which are: archaeological, historical and cultural sites, specific cultural patterns, arts and crafts, attractive economic activities, attractive urban places, museums, festivals and cultural events, and finally the hospitality customs of residents. Meanwhile, Tehran's triad of historical and cultural complexes including: Niavaran, Saadabad and Golestan play an irreplaceable role in the prosperity of Iran's tourism industry. Therefore, the investigation of the role of these collections on attracting tourists has been considered as the subject of the thesis. This thesis seeks to investigate the hypothesis that: "The correct management of cultural collections and extensive and useful information in this field, both in terms of the economic aspects of attracting tourists and in terms of publicity effects and wide international reflection, can have very positive results for the host country and provide the basis for attracting different types of tourists." It also pursues these goals and questions, what are the problems and obstacles in the tourism development of cultural complexes, as well as the role and influence of cultural complexes on the attraction of tourists and the development of tourism in the city of Tehran?

The research method in this thesis is a descriptive, exploratory and survey method, which is based on document and library study, field research, and interviews with tourists (completion of the questionnaire) in order to find answers to the research questions and investigate the sub-disruptions of tourism in the cultural complexes that are the subject of this thesis. is The results of the analysis of the questionnaire data obtained from the interviews with 50 tourists who visited these three complexes during the days of Nowruz 2013 have been used as a basis for answering the questions and proving the thesis hypothesis.

Key words: cultural heritage; cultural places; historical-cultural collection; tourist; Tourism Industry

Introduction

Since the beginning of creation, mankind has been moving and traveling. Obtaining food, water, security or finding new resources were the primary motivations of humans to move and travel. But after the basic human needs were met, the thought of traveling for fun, enjoyment and discovering new places began. Traveling and exploring to find new things has depended on the provision of facilities and technology to procure supplies or methods of travel. Early travelers traveled on foot or on domestic animals. The construction of boats and ships made sea voyages possible, and the invention of the wheel made possible new ways of traveling on land. Every advancement and evolution in human knowledge and technology has increased new tourism opportunities for human beings. At the time when civilization was formed, roads were improved and governments were established and strengthened, the desire to travel to discover new places, exploration to find resources and better life facilities, acquiring knowledge, visiting and religious destinations increased.

     Tourism is a set of actions, services and industries that provide services to travelers such as transportation, providing accommodation, food preparation and supply stations, shops and markets, commercial places and other facilities. provide and provide other hospitality services for individuals or groups who are far away from their homes and places of residence. (Mehriari, 1389 p. 2, tebyan-zn.ir)

     Currently, tourism is considered as one of the largest and most diverse industries in the world, and its rapid growth has led to many social, economic and environmental changes, and for this reason, it has become an important field of study among researchers. From an economic point of view, international tourism generates the most income, foreign exchange receipts from international tourism are more than oil products, cars and communication equipment. Tourism has played an important role in encouraging investment in infrastructure, generating revenue for the government, and creating direct and indirect employment around the world.One of the pillars of tourism development is the demand for it, which also has a complex structure; Because the increase or decrease of a country's share of global tourism income depends on factors and variables that can be different according to the type of country, administrative and executive issues, and the level of available statistics and information. Considering the many privileges that Iran has in terms of climate diversity, natural attractions, history and ancient civilization, ancient and religious monuments, architecture, handicrafts, cultural and geographical, Iran has many capabilities to become a global tourism hub; Therefore, Iran's share of the world's tourism industry earnings is very small. Today, the development of tourism in all fields, both at the national and regional level and at the international level, has been the focus of government planners and private companies. Many countries have increasingly realized that they need to take initiative and find new ways to improve their economic situation. (Latfi, 1384 p. 7) The awareness of the communities that tourism provides a very suitable and considerable source of foreign currency income to the economy of a country has caused tourism to find a very wide concept in different economic, social and cultural dimensions and to be considered as an industry. (Tahmasabi Pasha and Majidi, 1384: 13) Many countries consider this dynamic industry as the main source of income, employment, private sector growth and infrastructure development. Although the conditions are different in different regions, tourism is always considered an important factor for economic development. (Ebrahimi and Khosrovian, 1384 p. 6) The development of the tourism industry is of great importance, especially for developing countries that are facing problems such as high unemployment, limited foreign exchange resources, and a single-product economy. Iran's economy also relies heavily on the income from oil exports, and its macroeconomic variables undergo severe fluctuations over time following the global oil price. The trend governing variables such as gross national product, gross investment, per capita income, etc. in the last three decades of Iran's economy clearly shows this issue. Therefore, in order to diversify the sources of economic growth and foreign exchange earnings as well as create new job opportunities in the country, the development of the tourism industry is of great importance; Because Iran is among the top ten countries in the world in terms of tourist attractions and has a great potential for international tourism. (Sabbagh Kermani and Amirian, 1379, p. 17) Therefore, the fields of tourism development should be provided as a strategy from economic, political and legal aspects. Chapter 1: Overview of the research Social has a coercive and imposing aspect on the social environment and people's lives. So that some people call the result of this interactive behavior "cultural heritage" at a glance. Cultural heritage is a sign of society's identity and how people of a society look at a phenomenon. The way of life, quality of life, customs, beliefs, values, norms and finally the culture of every society lies in its cultural heritage. This heritage, which is a sign of the society's identity, undergoes changes in the process of globalization, and in this regard, the most important issue is to preserve and protect the cultural heritage and introduce it to other societies, and in this regard, "tourism" has a prominent role.

    Cultural tourism itself has a special importance in protecting the cultural heritage of a nation and introducing it to the world. In the typology of cultural tourism attractions, we classify eight major items, which are: archaeological, historical and cultural sites, specific cultural patterns, arts and crafts, attractive economic activities, attractive urban places, museums, festivals and cultural events, and finally the hospitality customs of residents. Each of these attractions has its own characteristics and characteristics. Fortunately, Iran is very rich in terms of cultural attractions. Museums are usually in urban places and with different topics such as archeology, history, ethnography, natural history, art, handicrafts, science and technology, industry, etc. have been established Nowadays, a high percentage of the success of museums depends on the architectural attractions, facilities, management method and its quality in general. In Iran, museums are not paid enough attention and many of them have turned into warehouses. Iran ranks 56th among the 200 countries that attract tourists in the world and ranks 69th in terms of foreign exchange earnings.