Planning in order to empower and organize informal settlements, a case study of Shahrsaweh (Sorkan neighborhood)

Geography master thesis

Urban planning trend

Chapter one

Research design

Introduction

The purpose of presenting this chapter is to present the problem and the necessity of conducting research, to present the hypothesis and determine the objectives of the research. This chapter, in fact, is responsible for the guidance and direction of the thesis until the conclusion. 1-1- Problem design and necessity of research The issue of informal settlements in the urban areas of third world countries is considered one of the complications of the future growth of urbanization and the increase in the population of cities and the lack of an integrated and effective system of urban management. Statistics provided by international organizations show that about one-sixth of the world's population lives in slums and marginal areas. (Hadizadeh, 2012, p. 10) In the latest report of the United Nations Human Settlements Center, it is stated that between one-third and one-fourth of the world's urban population lives in absolute poverty. In this regard, the World Commission on the Future of Cities in the 21st Century has also warned that parallel to the growth of megacities [1], urban poverty in third world countries will increase. It was found that a major part of urbanization is based on the informal economy and along with the expansion of informal settlements, and will continue to do so in the future. This trend is called the informalization of urbanization [2] (Sarafi, 1381, p. 5), which has led to the emergence of illegal settlements on land, lack of housing, urban services, unemployment and other issues. The "empowerment approach" was adopted in the late 1980s. (Hadizadeh, 1382, p. 28) Based on this approach, confrontational and militant methods with informal settlements and marginalization are not a suitable solution to solve the problems in the emergence of informal settlements, and its solution requires people's participation and the development of the capacities of local communities in all social, economic, cultural and human aspects. In Iran, illegal and abnormal settlements are a type of settlement inside or adjacent to cities that have an unpleasant appearance and an unconventional texture to the city, and are called by names such as marginal settlements [3], informal settlements [4], car settlements [5], unplanned, irregular and without regulations. The residents of these settlements are made up of low-income groups and sometimes immigrants driven out by natural and human disasters such as war, or rural immigrants with little history of urbanization. Nameh Bin, 1383, p. 26)

Today this phenomenon is observed not only in big cities but also in medium cities in our country. The medium-sized city of Saveh with a population of about 150,000 people has one of its biggest problems: informal settlement, which has created many problems for managers and urban workers. Having said that, empowering informal settlement in Saveh city is not only a necessity arising from human values ??but also compatible with social interests and stability of settlements. Surkan neighborhood of Saveh city was chosen as one of the informal settlements of this city as the study area of ??this research.

This neighborhood is facing many problems in terms of physical, social, economic and environmental aspects, which will be examined in detail in the fourth chapter of the research. Considering the significant size of informal settlements in the city of Saveh and the need to find a solution for such settlements, the present research aims to answer the following questions:

A- To what extent did rural migrants play a role in the formation and expansion of informal settlements in Saveh?

B- How much did the lack of integrated urban management play a role in the formation and expansion of informal settlements in Saveh? ?

1-2- Research hypotheses

A- It seems that urban and rural migration is one of the reasons for the formation and expansion of informal settlements in Saveh city.

B- It seems that the lack of integrated urban management is one of the reasons for the formation and expansion of informal settlements in Saveh city.

C- It seems that planning for organization and empowerment using people's participation is the best solution to solve the problem of informal settlement in Saveh city.

1-3- Research objectives (including ideal, general, special and practical objectives):

1- Macro objectives: achieving urban spaces suitable for Iranian society.

2- Micro objectives:

A: Identification of existing problems, limitations and capabilities (Knowledge of the existing situation of informal settlements in Saveh city)

B: Evaluation based on the desired criteria.

C: Choosing the most suitable option to help managers make informed and wise decisions (formulating strategies for organizing and empowering informal settlements in Saveh city)

1-4- Thematic literature

After 1341 and In 1342, the growth of informal settlements reached such a point that the need for various researches and researches about informal settlements was emphasized by government authorities, universities and social researchers, and since then, numerous researches and researches have been collected. In Iran, the available sources and researches about informal settlement are generally divided into 5 groups.

The first group: the sources that investigated informal settlement are the researches and studies prepared by the universities and are considered the most reliable sources and researches, there are two types of works in university studies and researches. A group of researches have addressed the theoretical debates related to informal housing and inappropriate shelters or shacks and slums in general, and although they have a scientific basis, they remain at the theoretical level and are not accompanied by field investigations, which include the following: Karim Zinda Del; Definition and concept of marginalization, Tehran, Program and Budget Organization, 1361.

Abolhasan Danesh; An introduction to the theory of marginalization and illegal immigration in third world countries, Tehran, Program and Budget Organization, 1362.

Hosseinzadeh Delir, Karim; Marginalization in search of meaning and concept, political and economic information neighborhood, numbers 8 and 9, Khordad and July 1370.

Saeed Zahid Zahedani; Marginalization, Shiraz University Publications, 1369

Hadizadeh Bezaz, Maryam; Marginalization and its solutions in the world, Mashhad Municipality, 1382

The second category, which also includes a larger number of studies, has not shown much interest in theoretical discussions, they have mainly investigated a specific place in the field and tried to report the characteristics of informal communities by selecting a sample. Such researches are as follows:

1- Karim Hosseinzadeh Delir; Tabriz marginal residents research project, Tabriz, Tehran University Urban Research Institute, 1361.

2- Saeed Zahid Zahidani; An overview of the marginal residents of Kerman city, Tehran, Program and Budget Organization, 1355.

3- Hossein Shakoui, Marginal residents of Tabriz city, northern region of Tabriz, Coordination Center for Environmental Studies, Tabriz University and the National Association for Natural and Human Resources Protection, 1354.

4- Mustafa Niromand; Marginal residents of Ahvaz, Tehran, Institute of Social Studies and Research, University of Tehran, 1352.

5- Karim Mansourian and Alireza Ayatolahi; Investigation of marginalization and its causes and results in Fars province, Shiraz, Shiraz University Demographic Center, 1356.

The second group: it is related to sources or expert reports that are mostly prepared by experts of government units that are somehow related to the issue of informal housing and abnormal housing. Such reports and researches are usually summaries and summaries of existing researches, and only a few of them, after summarizing the existing findings, have investigated specific informal settlements. Such sources and researches that have been carried out by government experts, due to the necessity and the nature of the research, usually provide solutions to solve the problem of informal housing, and in this sense, they seem more practical than other researches, among these researches, the following examples can be cited:

1- Family Health Guidance Association, survey of the social, economic and health conditions of the residents of Aleppo, Tehran, Family Health Guidance Association.

2- South Abad Improvement and Development Organization, Simai Hashem Publication No. 2, Tehran, Social Research Group of South Capital Improvement and Development Organization, 1356.

3- Simai Masoudieh, Publication No. 5, Tehran, Social Research Group of South Capital Development and Development Organization, 1357.