Examining the determining factors of intellectual property rights (case study: selected developing and developed countries)

Dissertation

To receive Master's degree

Economic Sciences

March 2013

Abstract

  The role and importance of concepts such as " innovation" and "creativity" It is not hidden from anyone in the formation of knowledge-based economies. Recent developments in the world of economy show that if the growth of innovation and creativity is not paid attention to, the distance between advanced and developing countries will increase and if accompanied by scientific developments, the success of sustainable development will be accelerated. Since one of the basic tools for the growth of creativity and innovation in a country is the protection of intellectual property rights, knowing the economic factors affecting intellectual property rights, as one of the factors affecting intellectual property rights, can help the policy makers in this field in choosing appropriate policies, therefore this thesis seeks to investigate and identify the factors affecting the protection of intellectual property rights, its relationship with the level of development and its effect on innovation. is.  The research results show that GDP per capita and membership in the World Trade Organization have a direct effect on intellectual property rights in both developed and developing countries. The variable of education in developed countries and the variable of the degree of trade openness in developing countries are among the factors affecting intellectual property rights. In addition, there is a second-order relationship between intellectual property rights and GDP per capita, and the protection of intellectual property rights has a positive effect on innovation in both examples of countries. Keywords: intellectual property rights, GDP, innovation, combined data.

Humans throughout history and in all cultures have achieved innovations that were valuable for life and society at that time. Therefore, creativity is not a new concept specific to today's societies, but the characteristic of innovations and creativity in the current era is to legalize their exploitation and respect the rights of their owners. As interactions increase and life becomes more complex, perhaps it can be said that the current century is the century of knowledge and thinking and key innovation to produce and transform society's knowledge into an economic commodity. It is social.

In this regard, the emergence and formation of intellectual property rights as a tool to support this knowledge and thinking confirms its importance in human life. Therefore, considering the impact of science, innovation and new knowledge on human progress, progress and development of societies is not possible without protecting the rights and intellectual property of innovators, owners of scientific and industrial works and inventions. The protection of such reserves, which are sometimes considered more valuable than material wealth, indicates the necessity of economic transformation and development.

1-1  Statement of the problem

Intellectual property includes those legal rights and proprietary interests resulting from mental activities in the fields of art, literature, science, industry, etc. These rights provide the basis for the material exploitation of the work or creativity, its promotion and dissemination for the owner of the work or creativity (Sabri Ansari [1], 2002).

Intellectual property rights are part of private rights, which on the one hand aims to respect the creator's rights and on the other hand is a type of economic and social support. In other words, intellectual property rights respect the intellectual or moral rights and the material or financial rights of the author (Khoda-Prest Mashhadhi et al., 2008). It has not been developed. For this reason, these countries are trying to make the most of the technological capabilities that they have acquired over many years by effectively supporting their intellectual property and proper development of their infrastructures (Gudarzi, 2012). Therefore, in many developing countries, due to ignorance or simply following the developed models of advanced countries, the intellectual property system that fits It does not exist to meet the needs of these countries.

The growing trend of supporting various aspects of intellectual property around the world, as well as the increase in technological innovations in Iran in recent years, has drawn the attention of the officials and policy makers of countries to the need to develop and protect intellectual property. The organization has made its membership a condition of accepting favorable standards in relation to intellectual property. is, the importance of supporting and encouraging intellectual property rights in these countries doubles­

Therefore, if the growth of innovation and creativity is not paid attention to, the distance between advanced and developing countries will increase, and if it is accompanied by scientific developments, the achievement of sustainable development will be accelerated. Considering that one of the basic tools for the growth of creativity and innovation in a country is the protection of intellectual property rights, knowing the economic factors affecting intellectual property rights, as one of the factors that affect intellectual property rights, can pave the way for the design of a suitable system for the protection of intellectual property rights. field, this thesis, on the one hand, seeks to investigate and determine the influencing factors on intellectual property rights, and on the other hand, seeks to investigate the relationship between innovation and intellectual property rights in developed and developing countries.

1-2  The necessity and importance of research

Nowadays, the necessity of intelligent and purposeful policy in the field of creation and protection of intellectual property is emphasized more and more, because the expansion of communication technologies, the globalization of the economy and the future growth of trade exchanges between different countries have led to the provision of various goods and services for supply to customers, and in the meantime, countries that help to create intellectual property, products and services They present to the market more efficiently, they have been able to be more successful in conquering international markets. In this sense, the intellectual property system has become one of the issues of the infrastructure of modern economic policy at the national level (Guderzi, 2012). Therefore, the intellectual property system has been taken into consideration by the policy makers of different countries as a policy tool that guarantees the value of such assets. Therefore, understanding the economic foundations of the intellectual property system is a prerequisite for understanding the increasing role and importance of it in the national strategy of competitiveness and economic development. It is social (Alikhan [3], 2000).

Today, the laws related to intellectual property rights are not limited to developed countries. At the international level, there are also agreements in this field, and this has led to the implementation of large and diverse projects in many countries (Khodaparast, Mashhadi et al., 2013). In this regard, the World Intellectual Property Organization [4] has conducted extensive research in order to explain and expand intellectual property among different societies and in the electronic environment. In fact, there are incentives for both developing countries and developed countries to protect intellectual property rights. In general, the intellectual property system has been introduced as one of the issues underpinning the modern economic policy at the national level and as an important platform and tool for sustainable development for developing and less developed countries (Shrafat, 8413). Considering the above and considering the importance of intellectual property rights in development Stable, establishing a strong and efficient system for the protection of intellectual property rights at the national and international level seems absolutely necessary. This is a stimulus and motivation for invention and innovation. Intellectual property rights allow companies to negotiate with companies or business people and investors in order to attract capital without fear of copying their innovation and present the new product to the market (Khodaparast Mashhadi et al., 8813).

Actually, the acceptance of intellectual property rights protection laws by different countries has given peace of mind and motivation for researchers in different countries.