Dissertation or dissertation for receiving a master's degree
In the field of industrial engineering with a focus on economic-social systems
September 2013
Abstract
The occurrence of unexpected events and natural disasters and the effects of their occurrence require the current societies to carry out the necessary planning to provide relief in the occurrence of such crises, which is done with challenges such as damage to transportation infrastructure, blocking of communication routes, making it difficult to create coordination between different factors and so on. is facing One of the important logistics strategies to improve performance and reduce delay time is locating and establishing aid distribution centers near these vulnerable areas. Therefore, the presence of distribution centers in suitable places in the network, which can adequately cover the demand created in these conditions, is very important in the successful completion of rescue operations, and in all the cases mentioned, the weakness in choosing the right place will increase the possibility of capital loss and ultimately lead to many losses and casualties. For this purpose, the purpose of this research is to examine the candidate points as aid distribution centers until the location of the centers is selected from among a set of candidate distribution centers. However, since there is usually a lack of resources, goods and means of transportation for optimal aid delivery, planning and presenting a model for efficient and effective response according to the available resources has a special place. Meanwhile, a very important issue is the timely distribution of needed items and services among the injured and saving their lives. However, in disaster management, most of the data are uncertain, for this purpose, this research presents a model of robust probabilistic planning in crisis situations with the presence of uncertainty, and at the end of the research, a comparison between the methods of solving probabilistic robust planning has been determined using a case study using 23.5 GAMS software and LP-metric method.
We concluded that the performance of the HWRPP model is better than other models and the cities of Gorgan, Qazvin and Sari are the best places for aid distribution centers to open.
Key words:
Solution methods
Solution Methods
Fuzzy programming
Fuzzy programming
Robust possibilistic programming
Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Facility location
Facility location
Relief logistics
Relief logistics
Disaster
Disaster
Chapter one
Statement of the problem and generalities of the research
1- General definitions of the field under investigation
Disasters and its types
Different authors gave different definitions of disaster. In this section, we will mention some of these definitions.
The term "disaster" It is usually used for a breakdown in the normal operations of a society that has significant negative effects on people, their work, and their environment, and the resulting needs exceed the local response capacity [1].
Disaster Epidemiology Research Center defines a disaster as a situation or incident that exceeds the local capacity, and requires a request for help at the national or international level. It defines an unpredictable or sudden incident that leads to many damages and injuries and human suffering [1].
The World Health Organization defines any incident that leads to injury, damage, destruction, environmental disturbance, human deaths, deterioration of public health and health services, and requires quick response and assistance from outside the affected community or region as a disaster (disaster). Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, floods, chemical spills, nuclear accidents, etc. They are categorized as disasters and all of them have devastating effects in terms of financial and human damages [2].
A general definition for disasters provided by the international strategy for disaster reduction is: a serious disruption in the functioning of society, accompanied by a threat to human life, health, property or the environment, whether caused by an accident, natural or human activities. Another broad definition for disaster is: a disturbance that has physical effects on systems and threatens all or part of priorities and goals.Another broad definition for disaster is: a disruption that has physical effects on systems and threatens all or part of priorities and goals. As long as the system, or the nation has the ability to deal with the effects of these events, the event will not become a major disaster. The disaster must meet the declared conditions for emergency situations and the need for international assistance [3]. Forman and his colleagues believe that disasters occur unexpectedly and it is called an event that leads to large-scale results and has many effects [4]. Ozgon [5] states the following characteristics for disasters:
Disasters are fast and large events.
Disasters are accompanied by uncertainty both in terms of occurrence and consequences.
Disaster environment (in terms of type and amount of needs, available resources, access to infrastructure, etc.) is a dynamic environment.
Disasters are unusual events that can happen with low probability or not at all.
There are different classifications for disasters. Various types of disasters can be identified based on whether they are natural or man-made and when they occur quickly or slowly.
Table (1-1) shows the common classification of disasters with examples [3].
(Tables and graphs can be seen in the main file)
Cycle of comprehensive crisis management
Regardless of the type of crisis, the management of these events generally includes 4 sequential steps, preparation, response and prevention. It is reconstruction. Prevention is the basis of crisis management and taking measures to help reduce or prevent the risks of a crisis. This stage is different from other stages due to focusing on long-term preventive measures to eliminate or reduce risks. Preparedness activities help prepare to respond when a crisis occurs. The response phase includes activities to mobilize services and goods for the crisis-stricken area. Recovery after a crisis can take months or even years. Services and infrastructure, facilities, people's lives and the livelihood of thousands of people may be affected by the crisis for a long time. In short, the mission of crisis management in the pre-crisis phase is to reduce potential losses, in the crisis phase to react and apply immediate aid, and in the post-crisis phase to quickly and appropriately repair the damages. In other words, they help every person who needs help, anywhere without being influenced by their conflicting beliefs, and they do not prefer any group of final beneficiaries over another [9]. Humanity means that all the pain and suffering that exists everywhere will disappear. Fairness refers to non-discriminatory assistance with priority to immediate needs. Neutrality means aid without bias and party affiliation [10]. These principles of "space" are defined both physically and virtually, so that the ability to perform tasks efficiently in this space is possible. It can be assumed that we have a flexible and dynamic triangular structure, and Figure (1-2) represents this structure [9].
Figure (1-2) structure of humanitarian space] [9]
Physically, humanitarian space represents a peaceful area where civilians and non-combatants and relief personnel without weapons can move and operate freely. Achieving humanitarian principles in complex environments is often very difficult, especially in cases of war and military conflict [9].
Humanitarian logistics environment and its challenges
Unlike public sector logistics, humanitarian workers are usually faced with unknowns: when, where, what, how much, from where and at what time and that in the short term of a crisis, the basic parameters required to establish an efficient supply chain are at a very high level of uncertainty. For example, in the tsunami crisis of 2004, the biggest challenge for the humanitarian logistics teams was the complexity of the operational conditions for the work, the supply of goods to the affected areas. The crisis destroyed thousands of kilometers of coastline across the countries of India, Indonesia, Maldives and Thailand. Normal access to such areas was very difficult before the crisis and in a normal situation because the roads were often inadequate and after the crisis the main infrastructure was completely destroyed. Humanitarian logistics often operate under a high level of uncertainty for demand and the goods needed.