Designing multifunctional urban spaces based on Iranian-Islamic architecture (case study of Eram Sabze metro station)

Dissertation (or dissertation) to receive a master's degree.

In the field of architecture, architectural orientation

Bahman 93

Abstract: 

Since the creation of multi-purpose and multi-functional spaces in  Urban spaces have created a new aspect in society, such spaces can be created in public places like subways. The development and evolution of the rail transport industry within and outside the city requires a real understanding of all the subtleties and potentials. Although the transportation sector is considered a service issue, but due to its fundamental importance, it is considered an infrastructure activity and if it does not pay enough attention to it, other sectors will also lag behind. The growth and expansion of the rail transportation industry and the relative advantages of it compared to other general methods of transportation can be seen more than ever. With the advancement of technology, urban trains are changing and evolving and have taken on the task of transporting passengers in most important cities of the world. According to the statistics, the demand in this sector is always increasing, and considering the inherent and unique advantages of rail transport, the technology of manufacturing parts, the existence of effective systems in the field of maintenance, energy supply, signs, communication and equipment, requires all-round support. Today, stations have become an important urban center, where you can pause, hang out, buy household necessities, and use various facilities. Also, subways are considered as spaces that can be used in times of crisis.  Metro is also viewed as a multi-functional space. So that it can respond to specific uses in special conditions.

Key words:

Metro, transportation, flexible, multi-functional, urban space 

General

Introduction:

For many years  In ancient Iran, we saw the art creation of architects who paid attention to and gave importance to the smallest needs of the person living in the space and presented amazing creations in order to provide the comfort and well-being of the person living in the space. This is important only because of the rich culture of Iranians. A culture that expresses the importance of the individual and the family in society. If the needs of the family (the smallest structural unit of society) are answered and their mental health is provided, the health of the community will also be provided. Responding to the needs of the family requires creating the spaces they need. Perhaps Iranian artists and architects who created such spaces for many years. Therefore, the design process in authentic Iranian Islamic architecture begins with the need and ends with the form. (Figure 1)  And this process is a symbol of man's obedience to nature.

(Images and diagrams can be seen in the main file)

Over many years, authentic Islamic-Iranian architecture has predicted the human needs of the residents by relying on components such as culture and climate, and artistically referred to them as the basis for the formation of the outer and inner space in the authentic architecture of Iranian houses. And.

Professor Pir Niya extensive research on the importance and role of culture in authentic Islamic architecture – Irani has had, which led to the design of new ideas about Iranian architecture, all of which are reflected in his numerous works. Islamic" Being is considered art. These four principles, which Pirnia, according to his expertise, has paid more attention to their application in the architectural sector, are: People-varied or people-oriented, which is the observance of human scales in a desirable way and based on meeting human needs. "Self-sufficiency", in the sense of maximum use of available facilities and materials "brought the landscape" For example, the very old mosque "Fahraj" In Yazd province, avoiding futility means avoiding unnecessary additions (according to him, in Salami architecture, even decorative materials and materials are not used for the purpose of decoration), introversion which shows the effects of religion more than the other three principles.According to him, " The introversion and attraction of Iranian architects towards yards and pads (wash station) and pits, gardens and vestibules  And the Ferangi hats, which surrounded the Shabestans and hideouts of Ishrat and created charming and intimate environments, have been part of the logic of Iranian architecture for a long time. The gardens also followed this and were usually surrounded by a wall.

The above four principles are completed by another principle which, according to Pirnia, is specific to Iranian-Islamic architecture. This principle that he called " Niarsh and Pimon" You call Iranian architecture  He helped in the best way in all three basic stages of architecture, i.e. design, calculation and execution. Niarash, meaning the factors that maintain the building, is "a set of calculation and static matters including material science and the use of the most suitable and minimal materials". Pimon is the rules that were followed in order to determine and maintain the proportion between building components. "Following Pimon eliminates any worries of the architect about the ugliness or instability of the building."

Another element of authentic Iranian architecture that was formed based on climatic needs is arched arches and domes. Among the climatic characteristics of arched and dome vaults in hot and dry regions is that the height of the room is lowered from the floor to the bottom of the vault, so a natural ventilation can be created in the room. Since the hot air is lighter and rises to the top and is replaced by cooler air, by installing several vents around or at the tip of the arch, the hot air leaves the vent and creates a natural flow from the bottom to the top. Also, among the main materials used in these areas, we can mention mud, clay and brick, which are found in abundance in these areas and perform well in terms of climate because it heats up later during the day and gives back its heat later at night, and this moderates the fluctuation of temperature inside the building during the day and night.

However, despite the characteristic features of Islamic-Iranian architecture, this type of architecture has undergone changes since the end of the Qajar period until now. Does form and space still follow the needs of people in modern Iranian architecture? Therefore, in order to answer this question and find solutions to create spaces suitable for the cultural and climatic needs of Muslim Iranians, we have investigated and compared authentic Iranian-Islamic architecture in order to achieve standards in the field of architectural creation of space in modern Iranian architecture. Because such forms are formed based on natural needs, they are more useful compared to artificial forms. Among them, we can refer to a research of  University of Chicago researchers pointed out: "The first metaphysical problem is how we should structure the form and space in  understand the natural world? This question actually leads us to another aesthetic problem: how can we artistically understand and extract pure form and space in the fields of painting, sculpture, music and architecture through nature? Basic concepts: 2-1-Principles of Iranian Islamic architectural design: The design of authentic Iranian architecture is based on the needs of the individual, creativity and technology, and the presentation of space and the emergence of form. In nature, witness the direct relationship  We are form and need.

Emergence of form: formation of form based on the need of space

Creation of space: creation of space for need

Recognition of needs: investigation and recognition of need

Need for self-actualization: growth and progress and evolution of architecture

Need for respect: becoming an indicator of identity in architecture

Need for belonging: attention to public identity in architecture

Need for safety: attention to structure and strength In architecture

Biological need: Attention to climate in architecture

2-2- Need, space and form:

In authentic Islamic-Iranian architecture, we also see the importance of need in the formation of form in the design and performance of Iranian architects. Forms that have sometimes been associated with creativity and unique technology, which has shown the ability of Iranian architects. However, in modern architecture due to the presence of modern technology and relying on electric forces and fossil energies, creativity has decreased and we are witnessing modular architecture in all kinds of weather conditions according to different cultural and geographical needs.