Abstract
Architecture as a scientific-artistic profession has always covered part of human biological needs. After modernity and entering the industrial age in Iran, public buildings, especially markets, which are used in the urban and national scale and are the centers of connecting urban elements and have different political, economic, cultural and artistic aspects. They didn't have the necessary quality as they should and they didn't have a proper relationship with their audience. In fact, buildings have been created that do not have much value because in the process of their design and formation, the architectural thinking of technological attitudes with the dry and soulless view of modern architecture has dominated them, which is due to the weakness of the theoretical foundations of technological architecture in Iran for designing and creating large-scale urban buildings. On the other hand, large-scale urban and national buildings are the building models of the society, so they must have the necessary architectural quality. To overcome this problem, the society needs new and true models in architecture. Undoubtedly, explaining the appropriate theoretical foundations around this issue is considered the first and strategic step. In this research, the purpose of which is to design a recreational commercial complex with a naturalistic approach, the researcher's opinion is to achieve a kind of technological architecture by using nature, which seeks better results in architecture and in the urban space for the audience. To achieve this goal, the present treatise in the form of a descriptive scientific research – An analysis has been done based on documental, library studies and objective observations. At the beginning, the generalities of the research, definitions, methods and assumptions of the research have been stated. The main question in this research is how a commercial complex can cause sustainable social vitality and vitality in users? To answer this research question, about its nature and philosophy, the old markets of Iran and the design and construction of commercial-entertainment complexes from the perspective of thinkers and experts. It was studied and analyzed that part of it deals with the relationship between nature and architecture in Iran. In this process, the instructive aspect of nature, natural systems and their properties for use in the architecture of markets and commercial complexes and their quality and quantity were studied and investigated as a research approach, and in this regard, the interrelationship of man, nature, architecture and technology was analyzed. Then, in relation to the use of nature, investigations were carried out, and in general, the results of the research showed that six methods of using natural systems can be used in the technological architecture of commercial complexes and large-scale urban buildings in general, which are: formal, structural, functional, spatial, conceptual and decorative methods. By using these methods, it is possible to design architecture and achieve a type of architecture that achieves the goal of the research.
Key words: architecture, nature, nature-oriented architecture, business complex, nature-oriented business complex
Chapter 1
Generalities of the research
1-1-Introduction:
Architecture has found a special place in human civilization for thousands of years and has It has been mixed with human life over time that without exaggeration it should be said that a person from birth to death has not been able to free himself from being and living in the jungle of architecture. Throughout history, architects have been providing themselves with their thoughts and ideas, providing the most basic needs of simple people to manifesting the glory and majesty of the most famous empires and the place of worship of the most pure people, who have covered it with the product of their minds, which we call architecture, and in the process of time and place changes, economic and different social levels, they have left lasting and beautiful images of themselves, many of them despite the change of generations and tastes and the change of prevailing conditions. They are still strong and in many cases they have become symbolic identifiers of cities and countries. Undoubtedly, among thousands of architectural works, these lasting examples have values ??more than meeting the basic needs of humans. In fact, these works, in addition to addressing the issue of the audience's life, also express the characteristic of beauty and inducing a pleasant feeling in the audience.
In recent centuries, when human societies underwent scientific and cultural changes, industry and finally technology emerged in the modern form until modern architecture was born, modern architecture is based on new technology The impressive growth of Western technology and industry in the last few decades caused great changes in the architectural process of buildings.The separation of the two factors of structure and architecture, which is one of its achievements, although it had positive points, reduced the efficiency of buildings in many ways. Iran's architecture, which used to be integrated in the past, was also affected by this issue due to the lack of appropriate theories and theoretical foundations in the contemporary era. According to the new changes that have happened in the Iranian society after modernity, the urban structure in the field of architecture needs changes that are appropriate to it, which should be sought in the scale of public and urban buildings. In public buildings in Iran, whose beating heart is the markets, a significant weakness can be seen, and that is that the proportionality in the function, the way of construction and the presence of these buildings in urban spaces with human needs cannot be seen with the passage of time. Increasing the efficiency of architecture. Architecture, as a link between man and nature, in order to be able to fulfill its mission in the meaning of the word, must have a two-way facet. To achieve this, in today's complex world, architects are bound to understand complex relationships and multi-faceted approaches to various sciences such as biology, geography, electronics, and technical and technical issues in order to achieve productive and new ideas. In this regard, it should be kept in mind that any kind of development or progress in engineering to achieve a desirable architecture is possible with the help of the laws of nature (Margulios, 1383: 6)
Therefore, it seems that referring to natural patterns can be a suitable strategy for the efficiency of architecture based on the Vitruvian triangle (beauty, utility, sustainability) and newer human concepts in architecture. Works of architecture appeared in recent years that have a naturalistic approach, due to the use of nature, these works have addressed the natural tendencies and attentions of humans to nature. Many scientists and even international architects are aware of this issue and have prepared the fields of communication between man and nature in architecture in this way, which has led to more communication between man and architecture. In this treatise on the design of a commercial-recreational complex with nature as the center, while designing a commercial-recreational complex, we discuss the relationship between man, architecture and nature in order to explain our plan for the interaction of man and architecture with nature as a theoretical basis for research. Then, we will explain the methods of using natural systems in technological architecture and durability as one of the consequences of this use, so that we can finally reach the design of a commercial-entertainment complex with a naturalistic approach. 1-2-Research topic: The research topic is the design of a commercial-entertainment complex with a naturalistic approach, emphasizing natural systems and dealing with how to transfer natural patterns to architecture, which ultimately plays an effective role in improving the quality of architecture. Today's architecture in our society faces many challenges. Architecture as a scientific-artistic profession always covers a part of human biological needs. One of the challenges facing our architecture today is its lack of compatibility and harmony with the environment and natural substrate, which leads to an increase in the consumption of fossil and non-renewable energies and environmental pollution, and it does not have the necessary quality as it should and does not have a proper relationship with its audience and users. On the other hand, large-scale urban and national buildings such as commercial centers are the building models of the society, therefore their architecture should be have the necessary quality.
The architectural richness of the bazaars can perhaps be explained through the various words and spaces that exist in them. Various words such as Timcheh, Saracheh, Charsouq, Raste and so on. Each of which indicates specific spaces and places within the market and shows the various activities that take place in such spaces. In addition, there are other spaces and buildings located next to the market, such as schools, mosques, baths, etc. It has caused the markets to continue to exist as the beating heart of historical cities and to inspire and guide most designers and architects in the design of commercial complexes and even non-commercial buildings. For this purpose, the architecture of Iran's traditional markets can be an inspiration and role model for most designers and architects in designing shopping centers and new arcades and even non-commercial buildings.