Design of residential complex in Sabzevar according to today's concept of neighborhood unit

Master's Thesis in Architectural Engineering, Architectural Engineering

September 2013

Abstract

 The issue is that the structure of neighborhoods in contemporary Iran, due to changes in the form of contemporary urban development, including transportation networks and arteries, etc. and the formation of residential units next to each other has faced problems, which prompted contemporary designers to revive these social groups in the form of a new category called neighborhood unit. Therefore, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to its physical-spatial dimensions in the design of a residential complex to form a neighborhood unit that promotes social interactions and life, etc., which ultimately leads to the peace and comfort of the residents. Be responsive to the changes in human communication in today's life and cause more and more social interactions. And also in order to answer how an architect can provide new patterns in residential complexes to make social relations as possible, considering the changes in human communication in today's life? What solutions can be used to create a desirable and satisfactory neighborhood unit for the residents?

 The research and planning method has been such that, firstly, the concept of housing and the desired quality criteria of housing, as well as the factors affecting the quality of residential complexes, have been examined, and then the process of the formation of neighborhood units in western countries and its effects on the urban planning system of Iran has been discussed. The results are presented in the form of principles and criteria for the design of residential environments with the aim of strengthening social and human relations, and collecting studies using descriptive-analytical methods. And it is based on library studies. In the end,  The considered criteria of social factors are combined with physical spatial factors, which include the solutions of such as centralism; More attention is paid to the semi-public arena (green space and appropriate communal spaces, including neighborhood terraces in apartments), and finally, the aforementioned factors in the form of design ideas. A residential complex has been used in Sabzevar city. to  It can be expressed as one of the proposed solutions to improve the quality of life and the usefulness and dynamism of life in Sabzevar city.

Key words: architecture, neighborhood unit, residential complex design, today's life, Sabzevar

Chapter One: Introduction of the project

-1-Introduction 

Nowadays, the impact and importance of housing and its social role are not hidden from anyone. Housing is one of the basic needs of families, which is considered not only as shelter but also as an important asset, and it has a high economic and social value (in determining the social status of individuals) (Azizi, 2007). Pour Mohammadi, 1379).

  Also, a purely physical attitude to the subject  Housing  It has caused human issues (spirit and soul) to decrease in it. If a building, especially if it is a house, has deep issues and concepts, which if multiplied by the concepts of creating connections and links between several residential units, this result  It will be understood that the design of a neighborhood unit has complexities and deep concepts, and for this reason, with words such as: residential complex, residential complex, etc. It is completely different because it has strong non-physical (social, cultural) characteristics in addition to its physical characteristics (Ferry, 2013).

Analysis of these concepts and intellectual infrastructures effective in compiling recent patterns of housing design and solutions provided by architects, as well as the analysis of the neighborhood concept in the design of new cities, especially the neighborhood unit as the most important of these concepts and its impact on the recent approaches to the design of residential complexes, are the topics addressed in this research. is The importance of analyzing design patterns and the theoretical foundations of their formation is due to their influence on the design of residential areas in new cities around the world.

2-1-Statement of the problem

Most of the defense of the neighborhood concept is focused on the necessity of the concept called neighborhood. This concept emphasizes the creation of a friendly environment and causes the growth and formation of social relations at the community level and expands the circle of acquaintances in the security sector. With this definition, the neighborhood unit can be referred to as a social family, which includes not all the connections of a family, but some of them. These connections will bring a kind of two-way growth, the first side of which is social growth, as mentioned, and the other side is the growth of individual personality in the hierarchy of healthy social relationships (Pakzad, 1369)

However, modern information technologies and the use of its tools, along with the current processes and social developments, have had a tremendous impact on cities and the spatial characteristics of life compared to the past half century, and the required and desirable space for life has undergone drastic changes on a local scale. (Rahmat, 1390).

 Following this transformation of the economic, social and cultural foundations of society, the changes in the life flow of physical neighborhoods can be clearly identified. Therefore, it is necessary to know and analyze our spatial capacities between houses and residential masses in order to formulate a suitable model for residential complexes and the development of the city and the revival of existing textures. One of the options facing the designers is the design of a functional neighborhood unit with the ability to provide  Activity  The essentials correspond to the needs of new life and attract various optional activities. Therefore, this research with exploration of today's lifestyles  As a result of the development of technology and the change of human communication, it is trying to provide a new model of gathering at the scale of the neighborhood unit. 3-1- Background of the project: (studies and researches that have been conducted in relation to this issue and the results thereof)

In the theoretical part, the topic of this research includes two related research areas. The first part includes studies in the field of housing concepts, the principles and criteria of its design   and its relationship with the project process, and the second part studies in relation to neighborhood units.

  In relation to the first part, it should be noted that housing has always been one of the basic needs of human beings throughout the course of human life, from the first historical stages of human life until today, and many efforts have been made to provide it in various forms. Throughout history, statesmen and politicians have faced this issue in some way and have considered providing housing for all sections of society as one of the basic and main topics of their work (Daudpour, 1390). By proposing concepts such as neighborhood sweat[1], neighborhood feeling[2]  Belonging to the neighborhood [3]  Neighborhood cohesion [4] have focused their attention on the erosion of ties and cohesion in the neighborhood and, first of all, in the public arena and urban life. It should be noted that the neighborhood  and the resulting social effects in modern urban neighborhoods is one of the most influential and popular research topics in urban sociology and related fields. The diversity and multiplicity of researches related to the topic of neighborhood speaks for itself. Neighborhood is defined as mutual social relations based on mutual assistance in various emergency and crisis situations (Weber, 1922). 

Susan Keller in the book "Neighborhood Urban & raquo; He considers neighborhood as a geographical area where neighbors live and where neighborhood activities are carried out. This area may be a specific area with well-defined boundaries and ancient and rooted customs or a variable and almost undefined part of a small or large city that has relatively vague boundaries and its inhabitants have different perceptions of They have boundaries and patterns (Keller, 1968).

According to Keller (1968), the factors that differentiate and identify the boundaries of a neighboring region from other regions include geographical boundaries, ethnic or cultural characteristics of the residents. It is the feeling of belonging among the residents and their continuous use of the facilities and public places of the place (shop, school, entertainment place, etc.). Davis and Herbert see the neighborhood as having three spatial dimensions (geographical), They know emotional (social attachment) and social dimension (social relations and exchanges) (Yousfi, 2018).