Designing a residential-religious-cultural complex in the historical city of Aghda with a revitalization approach

Academic Thesis in Master Degree in Islamic Architectural Engineering

Summer 93

Abstract

Historical structures are considered to be among the national capitals of every country due to the fact that in the process of expanding cities from the past to the present, they contain the documented history of each period. This is despite the fact that, unfortunately, today these valuable historical structures in most of the cities of our country are in ruins due to the lack of urban life. Strong factors such as cultural factors; Including social customs and rituals and. Also, attracting tourists and tourists play a valuable role in the permanence, preservation and revival of the life of these valuable tissues in various ways such as attracting the presence and participation of people.

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of cultural factors such as rituals In the revival of historical contexts, the question is whether it is possible to revive the historical context of Aqda city by taking advantage of cultural factors?  The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was in the form of documents (documents based on texts, maps and images) along with field observations. The research base is the city of Aqda. The results of this research show that the rituals (religious ceremonies of Muharram and Safar days) in the city of Aqda as an important identity and cultural factor and its impact on the body of the city, in the form of religious buildings and as part of the skeleton and the main structure of the city, are strong and effective factors in the revival and revitalization of the city of Aqda. religious-residence) which, by respecting the historical structure of the city, can provide a suitable model for the development and expansion of the city's fabric while providing tourism and revitalization goals. Introduction

Historical structures are considered among the national capitals of every country and have a strong link with the culture and civilization of the people of that land, because they are designed and planned based on the culture and customs, individual and social life, beliefs, worldviews and ideologies of the people of that land. Failure to pay attention to this valuable past has caused the modern development of these historical cities to be disproportionate to their shape and norms, and these valuable structures are facing destruction in most of the cities of our country due to the lack of urban life,  However, in the process of expanding cities from the past to the present, these tissues contain the documented history of each period, so paying attention to their revival will have no result other than making the current culture more fruitful and responding to the needs of the society today and tomorrow. Different solutions have been presented in the direction of reviving and revitalizing these tissues, while these tissues themselves contain very high potentials in their development and revitalization, and if these facilities are properly evaluated and used, not only do they not need additional investments, but they can also take the main share in the flow of urban development investments. Among them, we can mention the factors and cultural assets of these contexts. cultural factors; Including social customs and rituals, just as they play a role in the formation of the historical structure of cities, they also play a valuable role in their durability, preservation and life in various ways such as attracting the presence and participation of people. Also, another factor that has a significant effect on restoring life to such textures (historical textures) is attracting the tourist population to these areas  is The investigations carried out on the historical fabric of Aghda indicate that the religious buildings are part of the skeleton and the main construction of the fabric of this city and their position as physical and cultural index elements – Religious and historical are important as a guiding and influencing factor in the revival and revitalization of the historical face of the city and a strong element in connecting the old and new fabric of the city. Therefore, paying attention to the potential role and potential of these valuable urban elements (religious buildings) can once again inject the spirit of urban life and civil life into the worn-out historical context and organize and revive its lost qualities in a desirable and appropriate direction.Also, considering that most of the factors that are considered important in terms of attracting tourists are present in the context of the city of Aqda and the historical area where Aqda is located, by providing some infrastructure, such as creating suitable residential and welfare facilities, the conditions for the continuous and longer presence of tourists in this city can be provided with the aim of improving the level of tourism in the region. Paying attention to this issue will be effective in reviving its life while attracting capital and improving the economy of the city. In line with the above-mentioned goals, the design of a multi-purpose complex that, in addition to attracting the tourist population and respectfully following the historical structure in urban development, will also provide a suitable model in connecting the old and new fabric as much as possible, can be a suitable model in the development and expansion of the city fabric, while meeting the goals of tourism and revitalizing the city.

In this chapter, the topic and problem of the research are first explained and explained, and the questions of interest in this thesis are identified based on the issues raised. Then, the necessity and objectives of the research are discussed and the hypotheses of the research are presented based on the questions. In the research and collection method section  Brief information about the research method will be discussed. 1-2 Defining the problem and the main statement of the research The traditional fabric of our old cities, which have very valuable spaces in their heart and throughout their history, have been able to properly respond to the needs of the ancient people, unfortunately today, due to the lack of a sense of security and suitability of its spaces to the needs of their users today, there are no places of cultural value. They have lost their former efficiency. It is a historical city in the heart of the ancient plateau of Yazd, which is located 48 km from Ardakan on the way from Isfahan to Yazd. The history of this city goes back to the Sassanid era (Jaafari, 2009: 29), as the historical and architectural monuments of this period, such as the Ashkeft cave, four-story towers, fire temple, etc., are visible on the face of the city. Most of the historians considered the building of this historical city to be the same as Maybod and Yazd (Kateb, 2006: 30, Bafqi, 1385; Jafari, 1389; 29). It is an important issue that is discussed in the world today. Among these, we can mention the approach of using cultural capital as a successful option in the field of urban restoration and conservation (Kearns and Phi, 1993). In this approach, culture is introduced as a driving force for regeneration "City-Culture" and "city-event" (2000, Burgel) in which memory-making factors and collective memories play an important role, and the city becomes a permanent place for various shows and activities and is related to other ideas. (1995, Landry) are the most basic issues of this discussion.

Using the mentioned cultural approach in the development and revitalization of the city of Aqda for its socio-cultural location and potentials and using this potential to preserve the "memory of the old city" And its objective-subjective perspective can be effective.

1-3 Background of the research

The background of the subject of this research can be examined in four general groups:

A) Examining the way of neighborhood" residential fabric and religious buildings (Hosseiniyeh, Takiyeh,.) " In the traditional architecture and urban planning of Iran, many similar cases can be listed in the historical context of Iranian cities. Among them, we can mention the historical context of the city of Aqda, Ardakan, and the village of Haftader, which, considering that it is also considered as the basis of the desired plan, can provide suitable models and ideas in the design and development of the said context. provide.

b) Examining similar activities that are near historical contexts and with the aim of revitalizing them, in the form of design or organization. It has been done in Iran or abroad (Table No. 22). Similarly, avoid wasting capital and time.