Dissertation for Master's Degree
Entrepreneurship Management
91 Shahrivar
Abstract:
Reviews show that in recent years, the trend towards entrepreneurship and its related topics has increased significantly in the country. Among the issues raised in entrepreneurship, the intention of entrepreneurship can be mentioned as the most important predictor of entrepreneurial activities in the society. Entrepreneurial intention is considered one of the important variables in the annual research of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Therefore, examining the factors affecting the dance and strengthening it can lead to an increase in the amount of entrepreneurial intention in the society. Among these factors, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is expressed as one of the most effective and important factors in intention. Self-efficacy has six major indicators that are measured by them.
In the upcoming research, only two variables of objective possibility (self-efficacy) and entrepreneurial intention from Linan's model have been examined. The statistical population of the present study is made up of all students studying in the management fields of the Faculty of Management and Accounting of Allameh Tabatabai University. A sample of 294 students of various fields of management using the formula
In this research, based on the six indicators of the skill of recognizing market opportunities and new product development, the skill of creating an innovative entrepreneurial environment, the skill of creating a relationship with investors, the skill of identifying the main goal, the skill of facing unexpected challenges, and the skill of human resource development, which were expressed by De Nabel et al.
The results of the surveys show that all six indicators have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Also, among the indicators, the skill of recognizing market opportunities and new product development and the skill of identifying the main goal contribute more to the prediction of entrepreneurial intention.
1-1) Introduction
Simultaneous gathering of production factors, including natural resources, labor, capital, and specialist in a country are not necessarily developmental. The phenomenon of development requires innovative and entrepreneurial forces and a suitable environment that allows a favorable combination of various factors in certain conditions to achieve a specific goal. brought Today's age is the age of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs as value creators have sparked a revolution that has changed the global economy. New works have a lot of positive economic effects, including giving vitality to the market economy (Rabbani and Ansari, 2014).
The importance of entrepreneurship as a vital factor in the stability and economic growth of countries is receiving more attention day by day from researchers, planners and policymakers. And the same thing, paying attention to entrepreneurial intention as the strongest predictor. It has made entrepreneurial activities more prominent in recent years. However, the review of entrepreneurship research literature focusing on factors affecting entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, as one of the most important factors affecting intention, informs about the insignificance of the above research, especially in the field of entrepreneurship of students and graduates of higher education. Therefore, the paucity of external research and the lack of internal research led us to assign the current research to the category of entrepreneurship of students and graduates of higher education. However, in order to draw a general picture of the structure of the research and provide the necessary information regarding the why and how of the research, this chapter is dedicated to presenting the general outline. In the rest of this chapter, the logic and the main reason for conducting the research, key objectives, how to implement the research, and the general problems and bottlenecks of the research have been discussed. The following chapters are dedicated to the detailed description of the items mentioned in this section.
2-1) Statement and description of the issue
Studies and surveys show that increasing entrepreneurial activities leads to an increase in the gross national product and as a result an increase in national income, welfare and comfort in the society (Zali, Razavi, 2017).
One of the goals of entrepreneurship education programs is to create and strengthen the intention Entrepreneurship of potential entrepreneurs, especially students. For this reason, the research conducted in the world for entrepreneurial intention is mainly related to students, because entrepreneurial intention is the best and most important predictor of entrepreneurial behavior. In other words, it is very likely that an increase in entrepreneurial intention will lead to an increase in entrepreneurial activities and, as a result, in the development of entrepreneurship. Therefore, the goal of many countries is to increase the amount and levels of entrepreneurship and especially entrepreneurial intention. For this reason, one of the important variables in the annual research of the Global Entrepreneurship Observatory [1] (GEM), as the largest field study of entrepreneurship in the world, is entrepreneurial intention. For this reason, a better understanding of the factors affecting the formation of intention increases our understanding of entrepreneurship (Krueger, Karsrud 1993:277). According to the results of the 2008 GEM program, there is a 48% correlation between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial activity (Bosma & Levie, 2008). According to Bosma [2] (2008). It can be said that increasing the entrepreneurial intention in a society increases the rate of occurrence of all kinds of entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurship theorists believe that self-efficacy plays a very important role in the formation of entrepreneurial intention. For example, Boyd[3] and Vezikis[4] (1994) state that self-efficacy affects the development of entrepreneurial intention and has an impact on the formation of business and work. In other words, the intention to start a business, until reaching the action stage, depends on people's belief about their success.
In many studies, researchers have investigated the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention, including self-efficacy, and have presented many models. As an example, Krueger[5] and Brazil[6] (1994) in the feasibility model of entrepreneurial intention included a variable called "self-efficacy of access to business and work". based on which the more self-confidence a person has in the formation of entrepreneurial tasks, the higher the feasibility of that business.
Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to examine the variable of entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a factor influencing entrepreneurial intention and to measure the relationship between the two.
Given that the majority of people who make up the labor market today They say they are students, so their ability to enter this market should be strengthened. If the motivation and desire of students to start a business is improved and a context is provided to increase the skills of this matter in the student community, their dependence on governmental and non-governmental organizations will decrease and they will be able to use their knowledge more quickly and easily. In this case, not only the unemployment rate will decrease, but the society will become more economically dynamic. In addition to this, students will graduate more purposefully.
This research is conducted among management students of Allameh Tabatabai University and examines the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention using self-efficacy indicators. It is proven and undeniable. Due to its importance, if this issue is not paid attention to in a country, that country will not progress towards growth and development. Regarding entrepreneurial behavior and intention, many researches have been done in various scientific fields, including psychology, sociology, and other fields. In this research, the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention have been addressed, but not much attention has been paid to the variable of entrepreneurial self-belief as a factor affecting the intention, so addressing this variable deserves a lot of investigation and research.
Research shows that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is an important predictor of entrepreneurial intention (Baughn, 2006, Krueger, 2000, Peterman & Kennedy, 2003, Segal). et al. 2002).