Master's thesis in the field of educational sciences
Trend of history and philosophy of education
Winter 93
Abstract:
This research aims to analyze the content of moral concepts and themes in the Holy Quran and with the aim of presenting a model of the educational moral system based on the concepts The moral of the Qur'an has been carried out.
Descriptive, analytical and inferential methods have been used in this study to examine the data, and then the quantitative method of separating and categorizing the verses has been used to measure the frequency of key words, and with the technique of qualitative content analysis of themes and concepts, the focus and direction points of each of the phrases and verses have been extracted using the interpretation of Al-Mizan. The aspects of individual, social and environmental ethics are concerned, so to achieve correct and efficient ethics, we can follow the example of the Holy Qur'an, and making people moral is one of the main concerns of any educational system. It is better that moral education is presented in accordance with the goals, principles and methods derived from the religion of Islam, the main educational goal of which is to be close to God, and in accordance with these teachings, the principles of monotheism, nature, free will, knowledge of man are explained, and according to these principles, the educational methods determined include: the method of servitude, the method of preaching and advice, the method of modeling by telling stories and examples, the method of questioning and answering, commanding the good and Prohibition of evil, the method of facing the results of actions, the method of task as much as possible, the method of creating motivation, the method of thinking and studying, the method of encouragement and punishment.
The results of the research indicate that due to the increasing and widening of the obstacles, the way of moral education has become more difficult. Key: moral themes, Holy Qur'an, moral education system
Chapter 1
Overview of the research
. Introduction
The Qur'an is undoubtedly a great moral book and one of its main goals is the reform and evolution of human morals. The theoretical and practical teachings of this heavenly book, which is a divine document and a treasure of knowledge and ethics, makes in which everyone becomes a perfect moral human being.
2.1. Statement of the problem
Ethics is one of the teachings of religion, which is very important in every place of human life, so that the role and importance of ethics in the spiritual advancement of human beings is not hidden from anyone. Regarding the importance of the science of ethics, it can be said that human existence is created in a weak and imperfect way; In such a way that he should shape the dimensions of his existence and with the help of his power of thought and will, he should flourish his various talents and reach the perfection he deserves. Morality is a talent that is hidden in human beings, and in order for a human being to reach the perfection he deserves, he must develop this aspect of his existence. (Omid, 1381: 166)
Ethics, which deals with the manner of behavior and voluntary states of man, has always had a special attraction for him and people have looked at it with respect.
Ethical institution of human life, the basis and It is the basis of the formation of society and the emergence of human civilizations. The sanctity of morals is such that even those who are not adorned with the ornaments of morals, look at those adorned with moral virtues with respect and consider them to be high. Because the Qur'an is the last word of God to mankind, and according to this feature, it has expressed the most complete word about morality. From the Qur'an's point of view, moral virtues are not merely a means to organize the human behavior in this world, for the purpose of giving order to his life, but more important than that, they are considered as building materials for laying the foundation of his eternal life. This epistemological attitude to virtues and moral requirements adds to their importance and dignity.
In order to know right from wrong in any matter, a standard and measure is needed, referring to the book of the Holy Quran which contains many concepts and themes in every field, especially ethics and self-improvement and behavioral norms, is a suitable standard and measure. individual or social, family, environmental and It has been emphasized, it has been pointed out:
In the discussion of personal ethics in order to be created with divine ethics and as a result to reach closeness to God, it is a matter of self-knowledge and individual self-improvement. "He who knows himself knows his God. " [1] Also, acquiring moral virtues and virtues under the shadow of faith in God and the world to come (trust, honesty, loyalty, integrity, etc.) and observing the principles of health of the body, Islam considers working as one of the greatest acts of worship and a means to get closer to God. The Holy Qur'an regards working as valuable and says: "And that which is not, man is part of that which strives." [2]
After individual ethics, among the rights and rights emphasized in the Holy Quran, is social ethics. Man is a social being, on this basis, people in society have mutual duties towards each other, and in other words, they have mutual rights towards other people. Recognizing these rights and fulfilling them and observing them on both sides is a guarantee of correcting relationships and making relationships healthy and removing opacity and reducing differences and complaints. (Javadi Amoli, 2013)
When it comes to the rights and rights of individuals towards each other, people usually think of the rights and duties of children towards their parents, the rights of parents towards their children, the rights of husbands and wives towards each other, the rights of neighbors towards each other, the rights that The teacher has responsibility over the students and vice versa, and the individual's responsibility towards the neighbors, orphans, and the poor, etc., are examples of this example of mutual rights and rights, which is referred to as social ethics. Connecting with relatives and being kind to them, especially parents, is one of the important ways of growth and excellence in all fields. And it is closeness to God Almighty[3] which is considered one of the most virtuous religious actions after faith in God.[4] The importance of respecting the rights of parents (father and mother) is great in the Qur'an and it is also mentioned in the hadiths as one of the most virtuous actions. We commanded man to do good to his parents. Don't make a word that will upset them and speak to them with respect. [5] Just as Islam has specified duties for children towards their parents, parents also have duties towards their children to help their children in the matter of education by observing the rights defined by Islam. O my child, you are associating with God. Because polytheism is a great sin. O child, establish prayer, enjoin goodness, and refrain from ugliness and evil. And make patience your profession. Another aspect of duty that is mentioned in the Qur'an is respect for one's wife, which is also of special importance in Islamic society. Associate with women in a pleasant and good manner. [6] (Ibid., 58)
Since the religion of Islam is the most complete and the last divine religion, there is no doubt that it also has complete rules and rights regarding animals and nature, which may have received less attention. Man, as the highest of creations in all heavenly religions, has a special dignity and has many rights and duties. According to the view of the religion of Islam and its teachings, although God subjugates what is in the heavens and the earth to man, but man only has the right to legitimate use of these. Careful consideration of the values ??and beliefs of the environment in Islam shows that the followers and believers of this school of values ??are responsible and obligated to protect and preserve the environment and strive to keep it clean and improve it, and compliance with environmental issues is not only considered a mere human issue, but also a religious and religious duty, the violation of which is considered a clear disobedience to the orders of the Creator and a sin. And maintaining it is the necessity of life. The Qur'an says: Water and soil are the first materials of human creation [7]. Especially water, which is the first material of creation of every living thing on earth and the source of life on earth. [8] (Javadi Amoli, 1391)
According to the stated moral teachings, the main issue under discussion in this research is to examine the concepts and moral topics in view of the heavenly nature of the Islamic religion and the importance of the Holy Quran and its role in human life, and to make suggestions for the improvement of the moral education system by using the moral and social themes of the heavenly religion of Islam.
3.1.