Chapter 1
Research Design
-1- Introduction
The importance of spirituality and spiritual growth in humans has attracted the attention of psychologists and mental health professionals more and more in the past few decades. The progress of psychological science on one hand and the dynamic and complex nature of modern societies on the other hand, have caused the spiritual needs of human beings to rise and gain more importance against material demands and needs. So that the World Health Organization refers to the physical, mental, social and spiritual dimensions in the definition of the dimensions of human existence, and the fourth dimension, i.e. the spiritual dimension, is also mentioned in the growth and development of human beings. However, despite the increasing emphasis of scientists on the spiritual dimension of human development, a single definition that includes the entirety of spirituality has not yet been presented. Won (1993), has defined spirituality as a constant human effort to answer the reasons of life. Spirituality is one of the inner needs of human beings, which some experts consider to include the highest levels of cognitive, moral, emotional, and personal development, and the human's constant effort to answer the reasons of life, more clearly, the optimal use of creativity and curiosity to find existing reasons related to survival and living, and as a result, growth and evolution, constitutes an important part of spirituality (Yacoubi, 2007).
One of the most important characteristics of a human being is the ability to shape relationships. It is interpersonal and maintaining it. These relationships are necessary for each of us to maintain the survival of reproduction, love, job, etc. It is absolutely necessary and takes many forms. Friendly relationships, communication patterns and feeling of satisfaction from the relationship are issues that are focused on interpersonal behaviors both from the social and psychological aspects and are the main issues that start from childhood. Since friendly relations, communication patterns and a feeling of satisfaction from the relationship exist in most relationships and can have a great impact on people. The negative impact of this issue can affect the growth process of a person, from the events that occur in childhood to the experiences that lighten in relation to people in adulthood (Raisi, 2013).
Compatibility is one of those factors that can appear both in the role of facilitating and hindering academic progress. In this way, paying attention to the creative talents of people and providing the context for the emergence of these talents and creating an atmosphere in the school where ambiguity, Contradiction, It develops contradiction, failure and lack of external control, it leads to the expansion of creativity and innovation, and as a result, students' adaptability will also increase under the influence of their innovation, and on the contrary, if the grounds for the development of students' creativity are not provided and their adaptability and related factors are not examined and studied, the academic progress of students will also decline and decrease (Islami Nasab, 1373).
1-2- Statement of the problem
Spiritual intelligence (SQ) In recent years, it has attracted the attention of psychologists. Zorhar and Marshall (2000) in their book of spiritual intelligence, have given it as basic intelligence. Jain and Poor Hitt (2006) consider spiritual intelligence as an experienced ability that allows people to gain more knowledge and understanding and provides the basis for achieving perfection and progress in life (Yacoubi, 2007). Adaptation in psychology is the relationship that every organism establishes with respect to its environment, on the other hand, adaptation refers to the psychological processes that harmonize people with daily changes. Adaptation is a dynamic and evolving process that involves balancing what people want and what sociologists accept. In other words, adaptation is a two-way process, on the one hand, the individual makes effective contact with the society, and on the other hand, the society provides tools through which the individual realizes his potential abilities. In this interaction, the individual and the society are changed and transformed, and a relatively stable compromise is created (Khosravi, 2009). It is a school (social-individual), which has a mutual relationship with each other and has an impact on his mental and educational health now and in the future.Balson [1] (1994), considers academic progress as a term that refers to a manifestation of the students' academic position, and this position can be the grades of different courses or the average grades in a specific course or a grade for a course. Pourshafi (1370), considers academic progress to be the completion of homework and the success of students in passing the courses of a specific academic level or the success of students in learning the subject matter. In various researches, academic progress and academic success have been used synonymously, but they are different from each other. Academic success is a process of various abilities of people including their physical, mental, emotional and social abilities on the one hand and motivating factors such as interest, perseverance and reward on the other hand (Zakaei, 1378).
In this research, the aim is for the researcher to find out if there is a relationship between spiritual intelligence and compatibility with the academic progress of female secondary school students in Qalaganj city and what is the contribution of each of these variables?
1-3- The necessity and importance of conducting research
Nowadays, the education system of any society is the basis of social, economic, political and cultural development of that society. Examining the progress factors of advanced societies shows that all these countries have powerful, effective and efficient education. The institution of education is responsible for creating a suitable environment for the growth and flourishing of people's talents and abilities. It is obvious that reaching this goal requires extensive, comprehensive and calculated planning according to the general goals of education of each society (Kerami, 2014). The academic progress of students may face problems due to various reasons and under the influence of various factors. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing academic progress is one of the most important and basic activities in any educational system (Kerami, 2014). In addition, knowing the factors affecting the academic progress of students will make it possible to provide suitable solutions to eliminate the inhibiting factors, to provide the grounds for the progress and success of students, and in this sense, the waste of time, national capital, human power and sometimes the psychological destruction of students will be prevented. Darah will build the future of the country, and students, their families, education planners and finally the society and the next generation will benefit from this. 1-4- Research Objectives 1-4-1- The main objective: 1-4-1- The main objective:
Investigating the relationship between spiritual intelligence and compatibility with the academic progress of female secondary school students in Qalaganj city. Girl
Examination of the relationship between compatibility with the academic progress of female students
1-5- Research questions
Is there a relationship between spiritual intelligence and compatibility with the academic progress of female students?
Is there a relationship between spiritual intelligence and the academic progress of female students?
Is there a relationship between compatibility with the academic progress of female students?
1-6- Research hypotheses
Between spiritual intelligence and compatibility There is a relationship with the academic progress of female students.
There is a relationship between spiritual intelligence and the academic achievement of female students.
There is a relationship between compatibility and the academic achievement of female students.
Wellman (2001), spiritual intelligence is the human capacity to ask questions about the meaning of life and at the same time experience the interconnectedness between each of us and the world in which we live. According to Ammons (2000), spiritual intelligence is the adaptive application of spiritual information in order to solve problems in daily life and the process of achieving goals.
Adaptation: Adaptation in psychology is the relationship that each organism establishes with its environment, on the other hand, adaptation refers to the psychological processes that harmonize people with daily changes (Karmi, 2017). A student's academic position is a grade for a course or the grade point average of a set of courses in a group or the grade point average in all courses. 1-7-2- Operational definition: Spiritual intelligence: In this research, it means the score obtained by the subject in the 42-question scale of spiritual intelligence.