Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in educational management (M.A)
Academic year: 1392-93
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the leadership style of educational managers and the mental health of public high school teachers in Minab city. This research was conducted in the summer and first semester of the academic year 2012. 214 public high school teachers in Minab city were selected based on the stratified sampling method from the statistical population of 447 people. The method of this research is a descriptive correlation and survey. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results obtained from this research are as follows: 90.7% of educational managers have a transactional leadership style. 71% of teachers have good mental health. The Pearson correlation coefficient obtained for transformational, transactional, and libertarian leadership styles was 0.787, 0.003, and 0.158, respectively. This research also showed that there is a significant relationship between transactional leadership style and mental health of teachers. However, there is no significant relationship between transformational and libertarian styles on the mental health of teachers.
Key words: leadership style of managers, mental health of teachers. Leadership has always been associated with humans since the time when the early man lived as a co-worker of animals, when the durability and survival of his power depended on the guidance of the force, and when groups of desert families moved to secure food sources, there has always been leadership. Leadership The highest art of management is the ability to influence others. The manager is at the head of the organization as a representative of the organization to coordinate and increase productivity. The success of the organization in achieving its goals lies in the variety of management practices and effective leadership styles. In the leadership role of the organization, different styles can be chosen for the leadership of the human resources. Appropriate behavioral models of the manager in any organization cause strong morale and motivation in the employees. Leadership is one of the basic duties of the manager. In fact, the essence of leadership is the significant and increasing influence exerted by the leader on the subordinates, and it is at the top of the official and organizational duties of a manager. In order to be successful and play an effective role in the organization, in addition to having a contingent attitude towards environmental variables, managers should consider the organization and management as a system, and with this attitude, they should examine their behavior and choose their leadership style based on reality and conditions, the nature of work and duties, and the characteristics of employees (Qurbani, 1389). Leadership has long been the focus of management thinkers and researchers, and they have always researched about leadership and its various aspects, including the factors that make an effective and successful leader.
Educational organizations, as centers that are in charge of training human resources and are more sensitive than other organizations, definitely require more precision and attention in leadership and management. Leadership and management of educational institutions can affect the development of processes and competencies of people and increase the learning result. Like the body, the mind may suffer from diseases: genetic, personal, family, social, economic factors, infection, lack of blood, bleeding, tumors, long-term alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiencies, untreated epilepsy and progressive brain diseases, addiction and malnutrition. They can become the subject of mental illnesses. Mental illnesses have existed since the beginning of mankind and no person from the economic class A certain society is not immune to it, and it is a danger that humanity faces (Jahanshahi, 2013). The issue of "health" has been important and always raised since the beginning of mankind and for many centuries. Individuals and human societies cannot continue their individual lives and preserve their generations without maintaining health and health care. Illness and disability disrupt the life of an individual and human relationships, and as a result, deprive people of a sense of security and belonging.
The most important condition of a good teacher in terms of mental health is that he/she loves people with complete sincerity and pure intention, and is not offended by their behavior. Try to understand the depth of the problems with patience and cheerfulness and try to solve the problems as much as possible.
Statement of the problem:
Leadership is one of the main necessities to carry out the activities of many organizations today (Khemmati, 2016). Leadership requires the process of social transmission in which an individual influences others to restructure the activities and relationships in a group or organization (Hoy and Miskel [1], 2008). Successful organizations have a major characteristic by which they are distinguished from unsuccessful organizations; this characteristic is dynamic and effective leadership (Hersey and Blanchard [2], 2007). Leadership style is permanent and continuous behavioral patterns that people use when working with subordinates or through others and are understood by others (Maqemi, 2016).
Influencing the behavior of others is done by creating a perception of power. Creating a perception of power requires access to power sources. One group of power sources is based on the manager's position and the other group is based on powers that imply personal abilities such as the manager's expertise, competence and information (Rezaian, 2017).
Leadership is very important in all professions, especially in the profession of educational managers A successful leader needs behaviors that make and motivate followers to achieve specific goals in specific situations (Davis and Newstorm [3], 2015).
Mental health is a science for better living and social welfare, which includes all aspects of life from the first moments of fetal life, including intrauterine life, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. Mental health is knowledge and art that helps people to adapt to the environment by creating correct methods from the psychological and emotional point of view and to choose more favorable solutions to solve their problems.
Paying attention to mental health is important in all areas of life, including personal, social and professional life. Not paying attention to mental health is one of the important factors in the reduction of efficiency, the loss of manpower and the creation of physical and mental disorders, especially in professional services (Kaviani, 2011). Mental health, in addition to being the goal of every society, is also considered a standard for individual health. Effective leadership comes from the management. In fact, leaders by acting as a role model and a role that reflects the values ??of the organization can have a greater impact on creating a sense of empowerment of the personnel and improve their performance. Because by empowering the personnel, they feel that the organization attaches importance and value to their work (Asifzadeh, 2016). They can make changes in the business environment, organizational culture, work process and technology; these managers, despite having good technical knowledge, cannot be successful managers. Effective managers are managers who make good use of their emotional ability and establish effective and constructive relationships (Babaei, 2017). Eliminating the factors that disturb the mental health of teachers is one of the recommendations to improve the mental health of schools.
The main question of this research is whether there is a relationship between the leadership style of educational managers and the mental health of public high school teachers of Minab city? The importance and necessity of leadership in the organization arises from the fact that there are always many weaknesses and shortcomings in the design of organizations, and a leader is needed as a strong and reassuring factor in order to create the necessary coordination among the members and their activities and guidance. Also, considering the current changing environment where organizations are faced with rapid and complex changes in their own situations and conditions, the leader's quick adaptation of the organization to the conditions of the changing environment and maintaining the stability of the organization plays an essential role. (Rezaian, 1387). Management and leadership is one of the members of every organization and society. Educational management has a special place among other types of management (Mirkamali, 1387).
The advancement of industry and technology has increased power and wealth, but it has deprived people of the possibility of living in peace, peace and security, and in fact, "quality sacrifices quantity" has been moderated and left out, and neuropsychological and psychosomatic diseases have replaced it (Jahanshahi, 2018). Improving the mental health of the work environment as one of the most important aspects of the development and improvement of human resources in the organization has attracted the attention of many researchers in Iran and abroad in the last few decades.